|
Road transport is an essential element of the Australian transport network, and enabler of the Australian economy. Australia relies heavily on road transport due to Australia's large area and low population density in considerable parts of the country. Another reason for the reliance upon roads is that the Australian rail network has not been sufficiently developed for a lot of the freight and passenger requirements in most areas of Australia. This has meant that goods that would otherwise be transported by rail are moved across Australia via road trains. Almost every household owns at least one car, and uses it most days.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Where are we now? )〕 Victoria is the state with the highest density of arterial roads in Australia. ==Costs and funding== Funding and responsibility for Australia's road network is split between the three levels of government; Federal, State and Local. Because of long distances, low population densities, and widely separated major settlements, the costs of and funding for roads in Australia has been, historically, a major fiscal issue for all levels of government, especially Federal and State. The popular phrase 'the tyranny of distance', also the title of a famous historical work, captures the central role of transport in Australian policy, producing many conflicts. It was not until the Bland enquiry in Victoria 〔Sir Henry Bland, Reports of the Board of Inquiry into Victorian land transport, Government of Victoria, 1972〕 that there was an attempt to outline the complex questions in economic theory and practice of determining and measuring road costs and their allocation. In 1978-80 the McDonell Enquiry reviewed road and rail freight transport in New South Wales and its affected cities and regions, (the 'hub' of the Australian freight transport system). It was set up because of the 'truckies' blockades and national disturbances which disrupted access to all mainland capitals. These were largely sparked by the levels of road taxes. This Enquiry developed the first comprehensive theoretical and measurement system for assessing and allocating road costs,. This system was subsequently applied more widely, and then extended, with later studies, for the establishment of current national policy and principles.〔()〕〔() 〕 The Federal government provides funds under the AusLink programme for several funding programs including: *National Projects *National Network Maintenance, essentially the National Highway, comprising the main freeways and highways linking the major cities of Australia *Roads to Recovery Program - provides funding allocations to councils in each State or Territory.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Roads to Recovery Program Funding Allocations )〕 * Black Spot Program (improvements to high accident risk spots) *Strategic Regional Program *Innovation and Research *Funding for Local Roads Other highways and main roads linking regional centres are funded by the respective state governments. Local and minor roads are generally funded by the third tier of government, local councils. The Business Council of Australia in its Infrastructure Action Plan, estimated that in 2004, road infrastructure was under funded by A$10 billion. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Road transport in Australia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|